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Consumer Choice · 2011

Wezemael2013

European consumer preferences for beef with nutrition and health claims: A multi-country investigation using discrete choice experiments Paper ↗

Spearman ρ ↑
0.566
Normalized RMSE ↓
Not measured
Same direction
50%
Same winner
67%

Saved run · 2026-11-04 · 6 paired effects · Inspect run ↗

Human vs synthetic effects

After scale calibration · logit coefficient

-4.07-4.070.000.003.073.07Nutrition and Health Claim: The steak's label says: 'Source of iron. Iron contributes to the normal cognitive function.'. Human 1.510; calibrated synthetic -0.854.Nutrition and Health Claim: The steak's label says: 'Rich in protein. Protein contributes to the growth or maintenance of muscle mass.'. Human 1.120; calibrated synthetic -0.318.Nutrition and Health Claim: The steak's label says: 'Poor in saturated fat. Consumption of saturated fat increases blood cholesterol concentration. Consumption of foods with reduced amounts of saturated fat may help to maintain normal blood cholesterol concentrations.'. Human 2.580; calibrated synthetic -0.566.Cost: The price is €15 per kg. Human -0.810; calibrated synthetic -1.827.Cost: The price is €18 per kg. Human -1.620; calibrated synthetic -2.924.Cost: The price is €21 per kg. Human -2.430; calibrated synthetic -3.581.Human effectCalibrated synthetic effect

Dashed line: equal effects. × Opposite direction. Scale fitted with k = 5.0843; raw size agreement: not comparable.

What matters most

Attribute importance · share of total effect range

● Human ◆ Synthetic

Nutrition and Health Claim
Cost

LLM results

3 configured models · latest per arm · settings and answer keys differ; not a controlled ranking.

Direct prompt

Configured modelSpearman ρ ↑−1 to 1Normalized RMSE ↓0 to 1.00
SpearmanSpearman: 0.976
Normalized RMSE: Not measured
SpearmanSpearman: 0.827
Normalized RMSE: Not measured

Simulated respondents

Configured modelSpearman ρ ↑−1 to 1Normalized RMSE ↓0 to 1.00
SpearmanSpearman: 0.566
Normalized RMSE: Not measured
Exact metrics, all 4 saved runs and settings
Configured modelSpearman ρ ↑Normalized RMSE ↓Scaled RMSE ↓Answer key / dateArm / settings
typesafe:jev-1.13.0 ↗0.566Not measured1.322logit · k 2.3223hb-def-Wezemael2013:v22026-11-04 · 8 scored levelsSimulated respondents

Convention: inclusive
Estimator: ols

response mode
fast
design seed
42
population seed
Not recorded
llm temperature
0
claude-opus-5-5 ↗0.976Not measured0.624logit · k 2.6422hb-def-Wezemael2013:v12026-11-04 · 8 scored levelsDirect prompt

Convention: inclusive
Estimator: Direct utility estimate

prompt version
direct-v2
samples
3
jev-1.13.0 ↗0.827Not measured1.123logit · k 0.1888hb-def-Wezemael2013:v12026-11-04 · 8 scored levelsDirect prompt

Convention: inclusive
Estimator: Direct utility estimate

prompt version
direct-v2
samples
3
typesafe:jev-1.13.0 ↗0.566Not measured1.440logit · k 1.4721hb-def-Wezemael2013:v12026-11-03 · 8 scored levelsSimulated respondents

Convention: inclusive
Estimator: ols

response mode
fast
design seed
42
population seed
Not recorded
llm temperature
0
How to read these metrics

Spearman ρ measures agreement in level-effect ranking (−1 to 1; higher is better). Normalized RMSE divides unscaled RMSE by the standard deviation of human effects (unit-free; lower is better). Scaled RMSE fits a scale factor k and retains each run’s human-effect units; compare it only within the same reference and units. Missing values remain unmeasured.

Model names come from recorded configuration, unless a routing discrepancy is noted. A configured name alone does not verify the provider that answered.

When choices agree

Same winner by human preference margin · 37,440 pairs

smallest fifth
second fifth
middle fifth
fourth fifth
largest fifth

Five equal-count groups, from closest choices to clearest preferences.

Effects on a common scale

● Human ◆ Calibrated synthetic · Human 95% intervals where saved

-3.9403.94
Nutrition and Health Claim: The steak's label says: 'Source of iron. Iron contributes to the normal cognitive function.'Nutrition and Health Claim: The steak's label says: 'Source of iron. Iron contributes to the normal cognitive function.'
Nutrition and Health Claim: The steak's label says: 'Rich in protein. Protein contributes to the growth or maintenance of muscle mass.'Nutrition and Health Claim: The steak's label says: 'Rich in protein. Protein contributes to the growth or maintenance of muscle mass.'
Nutrition and Health Claim: The steak's label says: 'Poor in saturated fat. Consumption of saturated fat increases blood cholesterol concentration. Consumption of foods with reduced amounts of saturated fat may help to maintain normal blood cholesterol concentrations.'Nutrition and Health Claim: The steak's label says: 'Poor in saturated fat. Consumption of saturated fat increases blood cholesterol concentration. Consumption of foods with reduced amounts of saturated fat may help to maintain normal blood cholesterol concentrations.'
Cost: The price is €15 per kgCost: The price is €15 per kg
Cost: The price is €18 per kgCost: The price is €18 per kg
Cost: The price is €21 per kgCost: The price is €21 per kg
Exact effects and uncertainty (8 levels)
Human and calibrated synthetic effects
Attribute / levelHumanHuman 95% half-widthCalibrated synthetic
Nutrition and Health Claim: The steak carries no nutrition or health claim (reference)0.000Not measured0.000
Nutrition and Health Claim: The steak's label says: 'Source of iron. Iron contributes to the normal cognitive function.'1.5100.295-0.854
Nutrition and Health Claim: The steak's label says: 'Rich in protein. Protein contributes to the growth or maintenance of muscle mass.'1.1200.291-0.318
Nutrition and Health Claim: The steak's label says: 'Poor in saturated fat. Consumption of saturated fat increases blood cholesterol concentration. Consumption of foods with reduced amounts of saturated fat may help to maintain normal blood cholesterol concentrations.'2.5800.424-0.566
Cost: The price is €12 per kg (reference)0.000Not measured0.000
Cost: The price is €15 per kg-0.8100.102-1.827
Cost: The price is €18 per kg-1.6200.203-2.924
Cost: The price is €21 per kg-2.4300.305-3.581
Interpretation and limits

Wrong direction on 3 of 6 significant effects, weak ranking (ρ = 0.57); sizes not comparable (the paper reports logit coefficients).

Use it to generate hypotheses to test with people; sizes need the paper's respondent data, and confirm the 3 reversed effects with people.

direction
fails
rank
fails
size
not comparable

Spearman 95% interval: -0.279 to 0.917.

Supported uses

  • Nothing yet without human confirmation.

Limits

  • Ranking close levels against each other; the order diverges from humans.
  • Decisions that hinge on the attributes whose direction flipped (listed below).
  • Effect sizes in the paper's units; only direction, rank and shape are compared.

Calibration multiplies synthetic effects by k; agreement after scaling does not establish agreement in raw sizes. Missing metrics remain unmeasured.

About the study

01 / Human finding

What the study found

Dutch beef buyers valued a saturated-fat health claim over iron or protein.

Paper page 1

Answer-key review: AI-reviewed

02 / Experiment design

Who chose, and what varied

Country
Netherlands
Human respondents
300
Attributes
2
Task
discrete choice
Registry and historical replication summaries

03 / Synthetic replication

Registry replication results

Current replication

Spearman rank correlation

Not measured

No current measurement is available in this registry.

Paper-era reference

2023 CLM mean Spearman ρ

0.53

Historical results use their original estimator and reference. They are not a matched comparison with the current run.

Sources and measurement provenance

Missing results mean unmeasured, not zero agreement.

    Registry revision: 61134e3c3304. Estimator: ols.