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Environmental Policy · 2019

Determining the insurance value of ecosystems: A discrete choice study on natural hazard protection by forests

Mountain households chose forest management that cut their avalanche risk.

Unterberger, Christian · Unterberger2021

Read the paper ↗

01 / Human finding

What the study found

Mountain households chose forest management that cut their avalanche risk.

Paper page 7

Answer-key review: AI-reviewed

02 / Experiment design

Who chose, and what varied

Country
Switzerland
Human respondents
Not recorded
Attributes
5
Task
discrete choice

03 / Synthetic replication

Registry replication results

Current replication

Spearman rank correlation

Not measured

No current measurement is available in this registry.

Paper-era reference

2023 CLM mean Spearman ρ

0.37

Historical results use their original estimator and reference. They are not a matched comparison with the current run.

Detailed replication evidence · 2026-11-03

Wrong direction on 6 of 10 significant effects, weak ranking (ρ = -0.30); sizes not comparable (the paper reports logit coefficients).

Use it to generate hypotheses to test with people; sizes need the paper's respondent data, and confirm the 6 reversed effects with people.

Inspect the measured run ↗

direction
fails
rank
fails
size
not comparable

Supported uses

  • Nothing yet without human confirmation.

Limits to keep in view

  • Ranking close levels against each other; the order diverges from humans.
  • Decisions that hinge on the attributes whose direction flipped (listed below).
  • Effect sizes in the paper's units; only direction, rank and shape are compared.

Effects on a common scale

Human effects: logit coefficient. Synthetic effects are multiplied by the record’s calibration factor, k = 8.9830. Calibration aligns magnitude; it does not establish agreement in unadjusted effect sizes.

● Human   ◆ Calibrated synthetic · Lines show human 95% intervals where available.
-2.1702.17Hazard level: Blue zone: people are hardly endangered inside buildings but are endangered outside, and damage to buildings is possible.Hazard level: Blue zone: people are hardly …Hazard level: White zone: there is no or negligible threat to people and buildings.Hazard level: White zone: there is no or ne…Protection extended to traffic infrastructure: Improved forest management leads to better protected rail and road infrastructure.Protection extended to traffic infrastructu…Costing method: The costing method is risk based.Costing method: The costing method is risk …Contribution mode: Contributions are voluntary.Contribution mode: Contributions are volunt…Price: The additional annual charge per household is 100 Swiss Francs.Price: The additional annual charge per hou…Price: The additional annual charge per household is 300 Swiss Francs.Price: The additional annual charge per hou…Price: The additional annual charge per household is 500 Swiss Francs.Price: The additional annual charge per hou…Price: The additional annual charge per household is 700 Swiss Francs.Price: The additional annual charge per hou…Price: The additional annual charge per household is 900 Swiss Francs.Price: The additional annual charge per hou…
Human and calibrated synthetic effects
Attribute / levelHumanHuman 95% half-widthCalibrated synthetic
Hazard level: Red zone: people are endangered inside and outside of buildings, and the immediate destruction of buildings is possible. (reference)0.000Not measured0.000
Hazard level: Blue zone: people are hardly endangered inside buildings but are endangered outside, and damage to buildings is possible.1.1500.174-0.832
Hazard level: White zone: there is no or negligible threat to people and buildings.1.2800.182-1.330
Protection extended to traffic infrastructure: Improved forest management leads to better protected rail and road infrastructure.0.5100.0741.528
Protection extended to traffic infrastructure: Improved forest management does not lead to better protected rail and road infrastructure. (reference)0.000Not measured0.000
Costing method: The costing method is risk based.0.0900.0570.201
Costing method: The costing method is lump sum. (reference)0.000Not measured0.000
Contribution mode: Contributions are voluntary.0.0900.0880.078
Contribution mode: Contributions are mandatory. (reference)0.000Not measured0.000
Price: There is no additional annual charge per household. (reference)0.000Not measured0.000
Price: The additional annual charge per household is 100 Swiss Francs.-0.2000.0201.258
Price: The additional annual charge per household is 300 Swiss Francs.-0.6000.0591.508
Price: The additional annual charge per household is 500 Swiss Francs.-1.0000.0980.597
Price: The additional annual charge per household is 700 Swiss Francs.-1.4000.1370.501
Price: The additional annual charge per household is 900 Swiss Francs.-1.8000.176-0.287

Subgroups · screen, not a result

Split by gender: 0 of 1 significant differences keep their direction in the simulation (0% to 79%)

screen, not a result. Each row is the male group’s effect minus the female group’s, human in logit, simulated on the simulation’s own scale, so compare direction, not size. A Jev fast-small screen makes no comparison claim.

Sign agreement
0/1, 0%
95% interval
0% to 79%
Shuffle null
51%, p 0.56
Shape ρ
–
Scale ratio
–
Respondents per group
GroupSimulated nPeople nρ vs paper
female103not given–
male88not given–
Group differences: male minus female
Attribute / levelPeople Δ (95%)SignificantSimulated Δ (own scale)Direction
Hazard level: White zone: there is no or negligible threat to people and buildings.-0.22 ±0.42no-0.02 ±0.08not compared
Hazard level: Blue zone: people are hardly endangered inside buildings but are endangered outside, and damage to buildings is possible.-0.34 ±0.40no-0.01 ±0.07not compared
Protection extended to traffic infrastructure: Improved forest management leads to better protected rail and road infrastructure.-0.22 ±0.19yes+0.02 ±0.06opposite
Costing method: The costing method is risk based.-0.01 ±0.14no+0.01 ±0.05not compared
Contribution mode: Contributions are voluntary.+0.16 ±0.20no-0.02 ±0.06not compared

Interval: Wilson 95% on the significant differences. Shuffle null: groups reassigned at random among the simulated respondents. Scored from screen run fb782bb3-a76f-4180-8b96-45129354b174, W&B score ↗.

04 / Evidence and limitations

Follow the evidence

Missing results mean unmeasured, not zero agreement.

    Measurement provenance

    Registry revision: 648f40378e9c. Estimator: ols.