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Political Science · 2015

Causal Inference in Conjoint Analysis= Understanding Multidimensional Choices via Stated Preference Experiments

Voters preferred Ivy League candidates, not car dealers, Mormons or the old.

Hainmueller, Jens · Hainmueller2015_candidate

Read the paper ↗

01 / Human finding

What the study found

Voters preferred Ivy League candidates, not car dealers, Mormons or the old.

Paper page 19

Answer-key review: AI-reviewed

02 / Experiment design

Who chose, and what varied

Country
United States
Human respondents
311
Attributes
8
Task
discrete choice

03 / Synthetic replication

Registry replication results

Current replication

Spearman rank correlation

Not measured

No current measurement is available in this registry.

Paper-era reference

2023 CLM mean Spearman ρ

0.05

Historical results use their original estimator and reference. They are not a matched comparison with the current run.

Detailed replication evidence · 2026-10-02

Right direction on 13 of 14 significant effects, weak ranking (ρ = 0.55); effect sizes not yet settled (1.28× human).

Use it to screen which attributes move choice; calibrate sizes against a small human study before forecasting, and confirm the reversed effect with people.

Inspect the measured run ↗

direction
holds
rank
fails
size
inconclusive

Supported uses

  • Screening which attributes move choice, and in which direction.

Limits to keep in view

  • Ranking close levels against each other; the order diverges from humans.
  • Forecasting the size of a shift without a human calibration anchor.

Effects on a common scale

Human effects: change in choice probability. Synthetic effects are multiplied by the record’s calibration factor, k = 0.7805. Calibration aligns magnitude; it does not establish agreement in unadjusted effect sizes.

● Human   ◆ Calibrated synthetic · Lines show human 95% intervals where available.
-0.3700.37Military Service: This candidate served in the militaryMilitary Service: This candidate served in …Religion: This candidate's religion is JewishReligion: This candidate's religion is Jewi…Religion: This candidate's religion is CatholicReligion: This candidate's religion is Cath…Religion: This candidate's religion is Mainline ProtestantReligion: This candidate's religion is Main…Religion: This candidate's religion is Evangelical ProtestantReligion: This candidate's religion is Evan…Religion: This candidate's religion is MormonReligion: This candidate's religion is Morm…Higher Education: This candidate completed a degree from a Baptist collegeHigher Education: This candidate completed …Higher Education: This candidate completed a degree from a community collegeHigher Education: This candidate completed …Higher Education: This candidate completed a degree from a state universityHigher Education: This candidate completed …Higher Education: This candidate completed a degree from a small collegeHigher Education: This candidate completed …Higher Education: This candidate completed a degree from an Ivy League universityHigher Education: This candidate completed …Profession: This candidate's profession is lawyerProfession: This candidate's profession is …Profession: This candidate's profession is doctorProfession: This candidate's profession is …Profession: This candidate's profession is high school teacherProfession: This candidate's profession is …Profession: This candidate's profession is farmerProfession: This candidate's profession is …Profession: This candidate's profession is car dealerProfession: This candidate's profession is …Gender: This candidate's gender is femaleGender: This candidate's gender is femaleIncome: This candidate's annual income is $54KIncome: This candidate's annual income is $…Income: This candidate's annual income is $65KIncome: This candidate's annual income is $…Income: This candidate's annual income is $92KIncome: This candidate's annual income is $…Income: This candidate's annual income is $210KIncome: This candidate's annual income is $…Income: This candidate's annual income is $5.1MIncome: This candidate's annual income is $…Race: This candidate's race is Native AmericanRace: This candidate's race is Native Ameri…Race: This candidate's race is BlackRace: This candidate's race is BlackRace: This candidate's race is HispanicRace: This candidate's race is HispanicRace: This candidate's race is CaucasianRace: This candidate's race is CaucasianRace: This candidate's race is Asian AmericanRace: This candidate's race is Asian Americ…Age: This candidate's age is 45Age: This candidate's age is 45Age: This candidate's age is 52Age: This candidate's age is 52Age: This candidate's age is 60Age: This candidate's age is 60Age: This candidate's age is 68Age: This candidate's age is 68Age: This candidate's age is 75Age: This candidate's age is 75
Human and calibrated synthetic effects
Attribute / levelHumanHuman 95% half-widthCalibrated synthetic
Military Service: This candidate has never served in the military (reference)0.000Not measured0.000
Military Service: This candidate served in the military0.0900.0400.163
Religion: This candidate has no religion (reference)0.000Not measured0.000
Religion: This candidate's religion is Jewish-0.0400.0550.002
Religion: This candidate's religion is Catholic-0.0350.0550.015
Religion: This candidate's religion is Mainline Protestant-0.0100.0550.016
Religion: This candidate's religion is Evangelical Protestant-0.1180.0550.010
Religion: This candidate's religion is Mormon-0.1420.055-0.016
Higher Education: This candidate did not complete a bachelor's degree at any college or university (reference)0.000Not measured0.000
Higher Education: This candidate completed a degree from a Baptist college0.1450.0550.137
Higher Education: This candidate completed a degree from a community college0.1500.0550.088
Higher Education: This candidate completed a degree from a state university0.1950.0550.151
Higher Education: This candidate completed a degree from a small college0.1900.0550.068
Higher Education: This candidate completed a degree from an Ivy League university0.2800.0550.207
Profession: This candidate's profession is business owner (reference)0.000Not measured0.000
Profession: This candidate's profession is lawyer-0.0220.060-0.076
Profession: This candidate's profession is doctor-0.0230.0500.006
Profession: This candidate's profession is high school teacher-0.0400.050-0.053
Profession: This candidate's profession is farmer-0.0900.060-0.043
Profession: This candidate's profession is car dealer-0.2400.060-0.086
Gender: This candidates' gender is male (reference)0.000Not measured0.000
Gender: This candidate's gender is female0.0020.0400.035
Income: This candidate's annual income is $32K (reference)0.000Not measured0.000
Income: This candidate's annual income is $54K0.0200.0550.102
Income: This candidate's annual income is $65K0.0600.0550.088
Income: This candidate's annual income is $92K0.0500.0550.096
Income: This candidate's annual income is $210K0.0700.0550.144
Income: This candidate's annual income is $5.1M0.0080.0550.089
Race: This candidate's race is White (reference)0.000Not measured0.000
Race: This candidate's race is Native American0.0400.060-0.178
Race: This candidate's race is Black0.0380.060-0.098
Race: This candidate's race is Hispanic-0.0100.060-0.148
Race: This candidate's race is Caucasian0.0050.060-0.010
Race: This candidate's race is Asian American0.0400.060-0.209
Age: This candidate's age is 36 (reference)0.000Not measured0.000
Age: This candidate's age is 450.0200.060-0.014
Age: This candidate's age is 520.0300.0600.016
Age: This candidate's age is 600.0010.060-0.013
Age: This candidate's age is 68-0.0800.060-0.003
Age: This candidate's age is 75-0.1500.060-0.054

04 / Evidence and limitations

Follow the evidence

Missing results mean unmeasured, not zero agreement.

    Measurement provenance

    Registry revision: 648f40378e9c. Estimator: ols.