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Consumer Choice · 2009

Gracia2014

Are Local and Organic Claims Complements or Substitutes? A Consumer Preferences Study for Eggs Paper ↗

Spearman ρ ↑
0.532
Normalized RMSE ↓
Not measured
Same direction
67%
Same winner
62%

Saved run · 2026-11-03 · 9 paired effects · Inspect run ↗

Human vs synthetic effects

After scale calibration · logit coefficient

-3.24-3.240.000.003.183.18Method of Production: The method used for production is barn. Human 0.286; calibrated synthetic 1.227.Method of Production: The method used for production is free-range. Human 0.596; calibrated synthetic 0.836.Method of Production: The method used for production is organic. Human 0.492; calibrated synthetic -0.275.Origin of Production: The eggs were produced locally, in the province of Zaragoza. Human 1.109; calibrated synthetic 2.735.Origin of Production: The eggs were produced in the region of Aragon. Human 0.762; calibrated synthetic 1.494.Origin of Production: The eggs were produced in Spain. Human 0.641; calibrated synthetic 0.786.Price (Euros per half dozen): The price is €1.25 per half dozen. Human -0.799; calibrated synthetic 1.368.Price (Euros per half dozen): The price is €2.00 per half dozen. Human -1.999; calibrated synthetic 0.714.Price (Euros per half dozen): The price is €2.50 per half dozen. Human -2.798; calibrated synthetic -0.047.Human effectCalibrated synthetic effect

Dashed line: equal effects. × Opposite direction. Scale fitted with k = 7.0137; raw size agreement: not comparable.

What matters most

Attribute importance · share of total effect range

● Human ◆ Synthetic

Price (Euros per half dozen)
Origin of Production
Method of Production

LLM results

3 configured models · latest per arm · settings and answer keys differ; not a controlled ranking.

Direct prompt

Configured modelSpearman ρ ↑−1 to 1Normalized RMSE ↓0 to 1.00
SpearmanSpearman: 0.993
Normalized RMSE: Not measured
SpearmanSpearman: 0.975
Normalized RMSE: Not measured

Simulated respondents

Configured modelSpearman ρ ↑−1 to 1Normalized RMSE ↓0 to 1.00
SpearmanSpearman: 0.532
Normalized RMSE: Not measured
Exact metrics, all 3 saved runs and settings
Configured modelSpearman ρ ↑Normalized RMSE ↓Scaled RMSE ↓Answer key / dateArm / settings
claude-opus-5-5 ↗0.993Not measured0.637logit · k 1.0262hb-def-Gracia2014:v12026-11-04 · 12 scored levelsDirect prompt

Convention: inclusive
Estimator: Direct utility estimate

prompt version
direct-v2
samples
3
jev-1.13.0 ↗0.975Not measured0.799logit · k 0.2020hb-def-Gracia2014:v12026-11-04 · 12 scored levelsDirect prompt

Convention: inclusive
Estimator: Direct utility estimate

prompt version
direct-v2
samples
3
typesafe:jev-1.13.0 ↗0.532Not measured1.109logit · k 1.4038hb-def-Gracia2014:v12026-11-03 · 12 scored levelsSimulated respondents

Convention: inclusive
Estimator: ols

response mode
fast
design seed
42
population seed
Not recorded
llm temperature
0
How to read these metrics

Spearman ρ measures agreement in level-effect ranking (−1 to 1; higher is better). Normalized RMSE divides unscaled RMSE by the standard deviation of human effects (unit-free; lower is better). Scaled RMSE fits a scale factor k and retains each run’s human-effect units; compare it only within the same reference and units. Missing values remain unmeasured.

Model names come from recorded configuration, unless a routing discrepancy is noted. A configured name alone does not verify the provider that answered.

When choices agree

Same winner by human preference margin · 39,345 pairs

smallest fifth
second fifth
middle fifth
fourth fifth
largest fifth

Five equal-count groups, from closest choices to clearest preferences.

Effects on a common scale

● Human ◆ Calibrated synthetic · Human 95% intervals where saved

-3.2403.24
Method of Production: The method used for production is barnMethod of Production: The method used for production is barn
Method of Production: The method used for production is free-rangeMethod of Production: The method used for production is free-range
Method of Production: The method used for production is organicMethod of Production: The method used for production is organic
Origin of Production: The eggs were produced locally, in the province of ZaragozaOrigin of Production: The eggs were produced locally, in the province of Zaragoza
Origin of Production: The eggs were produced in the region of AragonOrigin of Production: The eggs were produced in the region of Aragon
Origin of Production: The eggs were produced in SpainOrigin of Production: The eggs were produced in Spain
Price (Euros per half dozen): The price is €1.25 per half dozenPrice (Euros per half dozen): The price is €1.25 per half dozen
Price (Euros per half dozen): The price is €2.00 per half dozenPrice (Euros per half dozen): The price is €2.00 per half dozen
Price (Euros per half dozen): The price is €2.50 per half dozenPrice (Euros per half dozen): The price is €2.50 per half dozen
Exact effects and uncertainty (12 levels)
Human and calibrated synthetic effects
Attribute / levelHumanHuman 95% half-widthCalibrated synthetic
Method of Production: The method used for production is caged (reference)0.000Not measured0.000
Method of Production: The method used for production is barn0.2860.1501.227
Method of Production: The method used for production is free-range0.596Not measured0.836
Method of Production: The method used for production is organic0.492Not measured-0.275
Origin of Production: The eggs were produced in Europe (reference)0.000Not measured0.000
Origin of Production: The eggs were produced locally, in the province of Zaragoza1.109Not measured2.735
Origin of Production: The eggs were produced in the region of Aragon0.762Not measured1.494
Origin of Production: The eggs were produced in Spain0.641Not measured0.786
Price (Euros per half dozen): The price is €0.75 per half dozen (reference)0.000Not measured0.000
Price (Euros per half dozen): The price is €1.25 per half dozen-0.7990.0411.368
Price (Euros per half dozen): The price is €2.00 per half dozen-1.9990.1030.714
Price (Euros per half dozen): The price is €2.50 per half dozen-2.7980.144-0.047
Interpretation and limits

Wrong direction on 3 of 9 significant effects, weak ranking (ρ = 0.53); sizes not comparable (the paper reports logit coefficients).

Use it to generate hypotheses to test with people; sizes need the paper's respondent data, and confirm the 3 reversed effects with people.

direction
fails
rank
fails
size
not comparable

Spearman 95% interval: -0.099 to 0.858.

Supported uses

  • Nothing yet without human confirmation.

Limits

  • Ranking close levels against each other; the order diverges from humans.
  • Decisions that hinge on the attributes whose direction flipped (listed below).
  • Effect sizes in the paper's units; only direction, rank and shape are compared.

Calibration multiplies synthetic effects by k; agreement after scaling does not establish agreement in raw sizes. Missing metrics remain unmeasured.

About the study

01 / Human finding

What the study found

Spanish shoppers paid more for local eggs, and for free-range over caged.

Paper page 13

Answer-key review: AI-reviewed

02 / Experiment design

Who chose, and what varied

Country
Spain
Human respondents
803
Attributes
3
Task
discrete choice
Registry and historical replication summaries

03 / Synthetic replication

Registry replication results

Current replication

Spearman rank correlation

Not measured

No current measurement is available in this registry.

Paper-era reference

2023 CLM mean Spearman ρ

0.34

Historical results use their original estimator and reference. They are not a matched comparison with the current run.

Sources and measurement provenance

Missing results mean unmeasured, not zero agreement.

    Registry revision: 61134e3c3304. Estimator: ols.